Relationship Between The Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Book Of...

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International Business The Importance of Ethics in...

International Business The business world has always relied heavily on contractual agreements while conducting business. These contracts while written in ink, are set in stone. Once your business partner signs his/her name on the dotted line the pact has been sealed and nothing else needs to be said. But what happens when you take away the physical contractual element and everything is agreed upon through ones word? The world of business ethics is an old discipline in most parts of the world, and in most cases, is applied to the everyday business world. But in the case of China, the country of exaggerated numbers and inflated profit margins, business ethics has yet to be fully assimilated into the Chinese business culture.†¦show more content†¦A case study here in China shows us the importance of rule 14. During the summer of 1998, terrible rainstorms hit the Yangtze river causing it to flood much of the surrounding area. This flooding caused an estimated blablabla in damage and drove hundreds of thousands of people from their homes. In order to help the people who were affected by the flood, CCTV organized a charity drive in which people could pledge money devoted to aiding all those affected. During the broadcast, many companies and corporations pledged RMB to the unfortunate families. The Red Cross asked that everyone who promised to donate money deliver it within a year. Then when a year was up, a huge portion of the promised money was left undelivered. One day, the Greeson Medicine Corporation, and American based company, received news that three of its Chinese business partners were guilty of not delivering on their promise of pledging the money to the flood victims. The intelligence institute which informed them of this recommended that GMC cut all business ties with the three companies. This put GMC in a tough spot. They had two options. One was to ignore that the three companies had done anything wrong and continue to do business with them and share in their profits. However, if it were brought to the publics attention that GMC knew of this dishonest behavior and looked past it with hollow eyes, the public would have a negative image of GMC. The other option was toShow MoreRelatedImportance of Ethics in International Business1541 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of Ethics in International Business Executive Summary Ethics in the business world is important and global. Ethics  indicate what is right and what is wrong in  business branches and also lead employees and stakeholders with moral values. Due to the globalization of markets and production processes, business people have to deal with ethical issues in cross-cultural settings at an increasing number. 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In that, the writer goes on to contras t the Aristotelean approach between the KantianRead MoreGood Leadership: A Comparison of Two Articles670 Words   |  3 Pagesleader, and only receives mixed answers. But a good leader is someone who can implement a variety of policies while remaining true to the customer, or the citizen, and make profit for the business, or simply sound policies for a nation. The two articles summarized below discuss good leadership with regards to ethics, another very important component in todays society. These articles will be summarized individually, then compared, after which some conclusions will be drawn. The first article to be

The World from Brown’s Lounge Free Essays

With The World from Brown’s Lounge: An Ethnography of Black Middle-Class Play Michael J. Bell provides a narrative and interpretation of the play behavior of middle class blacks within the context of Brown’s Lounge, a neighborhood bar in West Philadelphia. At the time he did his field research at Brown’s, Bell was a white, male, doctoral candidate at the University of Pennsylvania. We will write a custom essay sample on The World from Brown’s Lounge or any similar topic only for you Order Now The book appears to be either his original dissertation or a somewhat edited dissertation. The prose is accessible and not marked by the frequent subordinate clauses and qualification of statements that mars a good deal of academic writing (Bell xi, 1-7). According to Bell The World from Brown’s Lounge is a â€Å"study in black American folklore† (Bell ix). However he does not use the word folklore in the traditional sense of myths, tales, and traditions usually passed on orally or through folk art, but rather as the â€Å"artistic communication . . . used by ordinary people . . . [that] links us together in our day-to-day interactions† (Bell ix). This folklore is studied in context, not merely as an academic exercise that might be done by reading a textbook about the folk beliefs of a people without regard to their lives. Bell describes what he saw in Brown’s and claims that it is folklore but pointedly refuses engage in an argument as to whether or not the material in the book is in fact folklore. For the purposes of The World from Brown’s Lounge the reader must assume that the book is folklore. Frankly, this distinction seems artificial; the text can and should be judged on its methodology and analysis and not on attempts to fit the book to a particular niche genre. Bell claims that the black middle class is (or at least was at the time the book was written) largely ignored in research with the focus being on the behavior and lifestyle of the poorer class. Even when the middle class has been addressed it has tended to interview individuals who â€Å"exemplified† their race and not observe members of the black middle class acting with each other. In essence Bell contends that at that time the research was done, the literature failed to recognize that the black middle class existed at all (Bell 1-5). The methodology Bell used was to sit in Brown’s Bar at various times throughout the day, observing the patrons and participating in their interactions for a period of about eighteen months beginning in 1972. The observation periods were typically three hours each. Bell describes himself as an active participant as he engaged in the discussions that occurred at Brown’s as well as participating in the consumption of alcohol. The regular patrons were aware of what he was doing and that descriptions of their activities might appear in his doctoral dissertation and possible a subsequent book. Bell recorded the conversations that occurred so that he might study them later. In addition any individual who wished to could listen to any tapes, but no one chose to do so. Although Bell was aware that his presence in the â€Å"black† bar would affect the patrons, by being up front with them he hoped to minimize his affects on the patrons. In the process Bell did extended interviews with some of the key patrons (Bell 1-5). Interestingly he received a grant to engage in this research, which is good work if you can get it. Bell intended that his work describe how the day-to-day activities in a neighborhood bar reflect the values of the members of the neighborhood. He claims the study describes how the activities at Brown’s allow the patrons to conform to â€Å"their desire to create and live within a world that allows them to be both black and middle class† (Bell 5). To do this he describes interactions between the patrons, at times actually quoting entire conversations and then attempts to classify and analyze them. These conversations are, at times, interesting, but are common to many social situations and not indications of middle class black behavior in the 1970s. Bell tries to make them so however. He claims that this behavior is an example of middle class blacks playing with each other verbally and non-verbally by â€Å"talking shit,† â€Å"styling,† and â€Å"profiling† (Bell). Bell writes that these conversations are improvisations with deep, sophisticated meaning for middle class blacks. For example in a discussion on page 110 and analyzed on page 111 Bell offers the following. The bartender Harriet asks the customers generally, â€Å"was a . . . was a . . . (four-second silence) Jimmy Sailor in here yesterday? † One of the patrons, Gill replies, â€Å"I didn’t see him. † From these two sentences Bell draws the following analysis. Harriet was seeking direct information. Gill responded in the same fashion as â€Å"if it were a request for information and nothing else. † This is straightforward enough and patently obvious. However Bell is not satisfied with this explanation and seeks a deeper meaning, â€Å"[i]n asking after Jimmy, Harriet made it clear that she believed that it was appropriate for her to know his whereabouts. † One feels the need to ask why Bell decide would emphasize such a point. Fundamentally he may be correct, but a simpler, more straightforward conclusion seems to be preferable; Harriet was curious about Jimmy. It is difficult to believe that at anytime during this process that Harriet consciously assumed it was proper for her to know where Jimmy was the day before. Similarly, Bell analyzes other conversations throughout the book. Instead of taking the discussions at face value Bell appears to believe each â€Å"interaction is a continuous exchange of images of self—of who and what one is—in order to convince the others present that all present are capable of acting coherently and correctly† (Bell 8). This belief implies that each person at Brown’s is taking part in an improvisation performance determined to establish himself as an individual person and as a member of the group. In reality, it is far more likely that such conversations at Brown’s and similar ones at other bars and coffee shops are just that, conversations between people trying to relax and have a good time. The book suffers from a variety of problems besides the over analysis mentioned above. While reading the book one feels that Bell was describing a species that he is completely unrelated to in the same way that a zoologist might describe the behavior of a species of bird or mammal. Although the motivation for this distance appears to be an attempt to be as neutral as possible, certainly a laudable goal, when Bell describes or analyzes the activities in Brown’s and fails to place them within the contact of being middle class, black, or even human the book suffers. In fact, Bell states this is what he is doing in the preface, instead of limiting his study to a particular ethnic group, age group, or occupation Bell defines his study to a particular place, Brown’s (Bell x). This tightly focused limitation seems to greatly restrict the relevance of Bell’s work to other situations or people. Despite this self-imposed limitation, Bell makes frequent references to the behavior the middle class, though in Brown’s it is not the middle class, it is the only class. Bell’s research lacks a clearly defined identity. Although Bell purports to be providing a description of description of the black middle class at play, he provides no insight as to how the behavior of the middle class patrons differs from or is similar to the behavior of lower or upper class blacks as well as the behavior of classes of other races in their own neighborhood bar. Much of the behavior Bell describes seems to be no different than one might see in any local bar or coffee shop for even by watching a rerun of the television comedy Cheers. As pointed out in â€Å"A Note on the Author† in the last page of the book, Bell received his PhD and at the time of publication was an associate professor of English and folklore at Wayne State University. In addition he has published a variety of articles on urban folklore in a number of scholarly journals. A quick search of the databases at Questia reveal a number of books that referred to The World from Brown’s Lounge, but for the most parts these were merely listings in the bibliographies at the back of these books, although Loic Wacquant refers to it in 2004 as a â€Å"fine book† in Body Soul: Notebooks of an Apprentice Boxer (181). All in all, Bell has adequate, if not impressive academic credentials in this area. The book could do with more careful editing. Although naturally the conversation among the patrons should not be edited, when Bell is providing narrative he should maintain consistent, grammatically correct standards. An example of a failure to do so is his inconsistent of his treatment of some words. For example, the term â€Å"middle-class† appears in the book’s title and on page 1 and â€Å"middle class† on page 5 even though both are used to describe the same thing. Occasionally Bell uses questionable grammatical constructions that should be corrected as well. To his credit, Bell uses occasional inline citations and provides an extensive bibliography that is useful. The World from Brown’s Lounge has no index, a feature that would prove useful to students and scholars using the text for literary searches. Due to the unusual meanings of many of the words used in the context of Brown’s a glossary would be helpful as well. Ultimately the book is not particularly satisfying. Perhaps in 1972 when the research was done or in 1983 when the book was published the book had more impact, but in today’s world The World from Brown’s Lounge seems remarkably flat and uninteresting. One questions just what if anything Bell contributed to anthropological academic knowledge that justified his receiving a PhD with this dissertation supporting his candidacy, much less what justified its subsequent publication as a book. Although some of the play was interesting to read, Bell’s over analysis reduced it the trivial. Bell’s attempts to provide significance to ordinary conversations in a bar read more like long academic stretches in hopes of securing a doctorate than to do meaningful work. Works Cited Bell, Michael J. The World from Brown’s Lounge: An Ethnography of Black Middle-Class Play. Urbana, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1983 Wacquant, Loic. Body Soul: Notebooks of an Apprentice Boxer. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. How to cite The World from Brown’s Lounge, Papers

Implementation of E-procurement software system for Museums

Question: Discuss about the Implementation of E-procurement software system for Museums Victoria. Answer: Introduction The paper reflects on the organization Victoria Museum which is one of the renowned museums in Australia. The museum is very much responsible in providing both multi venue cultural as well as educational institution and programs for both the visitors as well as for the residents of Victoria. The organization operates by manual paper based system for procurement of various goods as well as services. It is analyzed that the organization faces number of challenges due to the paper based manual systems and the problems include inefficient tracking of commitments, delay in approval of the procurement services, delay in getting signature as well as particular venues, duplication of data and inappropriate tracking system. In order to resolve the problems that generally arises due to the paper-based manual system, the organization wants to implement E-procurement software system for managing various goods as well as services. It is identified that the methodology that is utilized for making the system is PRINCE2 methodology (Gonzalez et al. 2016).It is analyzed that this methodology assists in offering easy as well as effective methods that helps in managing the work of the project appropriately. Each of the processes is illustrated with proper input as well as output in order to achieve appropriate amount of success within the organization. The paper mainly illustrates the methodology that is utilized in order to elaborate the entire project plan for implementing E-procurement system within Victoria museum. The project manager is responsible to illustrate each of the processes properly as well as effectively so that the system is developed appropriately. Selected project methodology for Victoria Museum The project implementation of e-procurement software system utilizes PRINCE2 methodology for its implementation as well as development. It helps in breaking the methodology into seven processes, which include start up phase, initiation phase, directing phase, controlling phase, managing phase, implementation phase as well as closure phase. In the start up phase, various types of details such as strategies of the company, availability of various resources, use of system as well as details about budget as well as project timelines (Karaman and Kurt 2015). Therefore, after receiving the tender, the project manager makes appropriate decisions on the development of the project that is very much dependent on the project methodology such as PRINCE2. The initiation phase helps in elaborating the project background. It is analyzed that the strategic directions that the organization undertakes include appropriate investment in various expertise, knowledge as well as collection. The Victoria mu seum also assists in directing their overall business towards digital transformation, construction of cultural capital as well as towards organizational resilience (Kerzner 2013). The project manager identifies various issues that is occurring within the museum and as a result the museum wants to implement e-procurement software system. Earlier the organization utilizes paper based manual system for procuring various types of goods as well as services and as a result faces number of issues that include inefficient tracking of commitments, delay in approval of the procurement services, delay in getting signature as well as particular venues, duplication of data and inappropriate tracking system (Krysinski and Miller 2016). In order to resolve these issues, the museum wants to implement e-procurement software system. In the initiation phase of the project, proper initiation document is created that may be utilized for generating appropriate boundaries of the project. It mainly comprises of various details that include project scope, aims, objectives, constraints, assumptions as well as dependencies. The document of the project also helps in providing detailed information about project planning, risk assessment, stakeholders analysis as well as project governance. The final part of this phase is to get proper approval in order to implement as well as develop the e-procurement software system (Marcelino et al. 2014). The proposal of the plan is achieved from the document Request to tender. It is analyzed that the RFT helps in mentioning both closing time as well as lodgement of tenders. The criterion for evaluation is mainly mentioned so that the system can easily meet various types of detailed specification as well as technologies that generally fit into the environment of museum. It is analyzed t hat all the information as well as data are kept with proper security as well as privacy in context to commercial-in-confidence. The various tenders are generally prompted but the museum is liable of the freedom of information Act 1982 and thus it is not ready to offer proper affirmation and as a result, the tender is generally kept under proper classified conditions (Martinelli and Milosevic 2016). Therefore, after the project is approved, the project manager starts their work on the project. After the completion of the project initiation phase, there is a need to direct the project. It generally grows near the purchasing strategy. Firstly, the project manager examines the needs as well as requirements of the museum. It is analyzed that before implementing the e-procurement software system it is very much important to get appropriate information about project budget, size of transactions and its type (Mir and Pinnington 2014). This project generally works on various specifications that include problem, goals as well as setting of proper project boundaries. These types of specifications are very much important as well as useful for guiding the implemented e-procurement software system. With the utilization of proper IT value sourcing framework, the various functions of the system are not specified theoretically but is mainly prcised as per the goals of the project (Saad et al. 2013). All the important details as well as specifications are illustrated into the document of t ender which is supplied to the various suppliers of e-procurement. The entire work of the project is generally controlled by organizing appropriate session for the suppliers in order to illustrate various procurement processes as well as its requirements within the museum. It is analyzed that suppliers can ask any question during the session and after then the suppliers of the project are asked to provide their project plan that is dependent on the document of tender for developing the e-procurement tool appropriately (Sanjuan and Froese 2015). Proper as well as detailed information about the e-procurement software system is generally supplied for meeting various requirements appropriately. The manager of the project is responsible of illustrating both the system architecture as well as utilization of technology. After then the technologies as well as system architectures are compared with proper virtualization of technology (Kerzner 2013). The system generally runs on latest version of the software in order to support the system appropriately. It i s analyzed that various functional requirements of the system are illustrated appropriately. A contract signed for supplying the needs of the project with the suppliers, after the project team members are found to be satisfied with the project plan. Service level agreement is needed in order to proceed with the next phase of the project. E-procurement software is provided in the product delivery stage to the e-procurement system. The suppliers mainly help in managing the products in three phases. In the initial step, a detailed as well as effective design of the system is created with the help of the e-procurement suppliers (Schwalbe 2015). The detailed design must illustrate appropriate design of the museum. The steps are also illustrated within the network of each IT system. The system helps in providing appropriate as well as detailed information including financial information for having proper integration. Proper as well as appropriate security measures must be taken for securing the application of the system properly. In the next step, various types of e-procurement tools are configured which are generally set as per the parameters of the system. After then the project suppliers helps in providing both system as well as interfaces with other systems such as financial system in context with various IT department s (Boud, Cohen and Sampson 2014). In the last phase the various tools of e-procurement are tested in order to determine that they are working properly or not. If the system is found to be appropriate enough in order to meet both the business as well as clients need then it is considered for utilization. There is unit testing which is generally used for checking various types of errors within the system. It is analyzed that system integration testing occurs generally in order to determine if the system is working properly or not (Heagney 2016). It is identified that acceptance testing generally occurs when any of the errors occurs within the system. In the implementation phase, the proposed e-procurement software system is developed as well as implemented within the victoria museum. In this procedure, all the managers, workers as well as other workers are informed about the benefits of the system (Shields and Rangarajan 2013). It is analyzed that is also important to provide information about system implementation to both the suppliers as well as to the business partners with the help of a document which assists in illustrating information about configuration as well as about installation of e-procurement system (Olson 2014). There are generally 184 workflows that are mainly needed in order to implement the e-procurement system by offering effective as well as proper cist in order to generate the individual workflows. It is very much important to train the users of the system so that they can manage the system properly without facing any problem. In addition to this, support document must also be provided so that the organizatio n can easily handle the system. The support documents mainly comprises of Australia based help desk, telephone support as well as email support.it is analyzed that a system administrator is needed in order to manage the calls properly for supporting various requests (Mir and Pinnington 2014) It is very much helpful and it mainly needed for the organization that requires various rules as well as regulation for implementing the system appropriately. The e-procurement system is evaluated effectively to the various users in the close up phase of the project. In this phase, it is very much necessary to illustrate the system that is implemented and the lessons that the project managers have learned during the entire course of the project (Schwalbe 2015). For appropriate use of the system on site training is offered to the various users of the system. After proper evaluation it is very much important to complete the entire work of the project. After analyzing the PRINCE2 methodology properly, various other requirements for the system s analyzed. It is analyzed that the museum may include either remote or cloud options for proper operation of the system. As the system can faces number of security issues it is quite important to resolve them and therefore active Directory federated services are generally integrated for keeping both data as well as information secure (Martinelli and Milosevic 2016). It is analyzed that the entire budget of the project must not exceed $150,000 and the project must be completed within the estimated time. It is analyzed that proper method of communication is used in order to resolve the problems that occurs among the stakeholders. The particular project is implemented in order to receive support from various management teams so the procedure of implementation becomes easier. Conclusion It can be concluded from the entire assignment that the implementation of e-procurement software system within the victoria museum helps in resolving the challenges that generally occur due to the paper based manual system. The implementation of e-procurement system is mainly completed with the help of PRINCE2 methodology which helps in breaking the methodology into seven processes, which include start-up phase, initiation phase, directing phase, controlling phase, managing phase, implementation phase as well as closure phase. It is analyzed that this methodology assists in offering easy as well as effective methods that helps in managing the work of the project appropriately. Each of the processes is illustrated with proper input as well as output in order to achieve appropriate amount of success within the organization. References Boud, D., Cohen, R. and Sampson, J. eds., 2014.Peer learning in higher education: Learning from and with each other. Routledge. Gonzlez-Marcos, A., Alba-Elas, F., Navaridas-Nalda, F. and Ordieres-Mer, J., 2016. Student evaluation of a virtual experience forproject management learning: An empirical study for learning improvement.Computers Education,102, pp.172-187. Heagney, J., 2016.Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Karaman, E. and Kurt, M., 2015. Comparison ofproject management methodologies: prince 2 versus PMBOK for it projects.International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Research,4(4), pp.572-579. Kerzner, H., 2013. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Krysi?ski, M. and Miller, P., 2016. The Role of Conflict in Project Management in the PRINCE2 Methodology.Ekonomika i Organizacja Przedsi?biorstwa, (6), pp.3-12. Marcelino-Sdaba, S., Prez-Ezcurdia, A., Lazcano, A.M.E. and Villanueva, P., 2014. Project risk management methodology for small firms.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), pp.327-340. Martinelli, R.J. and Milosevic, D.Z., 2016.Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), pp.202-217. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), pp.202-217. Olson, D., 2014.Information systems project management. Business Expert Press. Saad, S., Abdullah, I., Asma, O., Muhammad Saad, K. and Abdul Qadir, A., 2013. PRINCE2 Methodology: An Innovative Way of Project Management. Sanjuan, A.G. and Froese, T., 2015. Principles, characteristics, and methodology to develop a project management assessment tool at the construction project level. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Shields, P.M. and Rangarajan, N., 2013.A playbook for research methods: Integrating conceptual frameworks and project management. New Forums Press.

Reflecting the Horrors of War

Thesis revised People learn more about the horrors of war through literature but do not infer from experience they gain; the only way they apply the knowledge about the war is the development of more sophisticated weapon to kill people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reflecting the Horrors of War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, literature can be considered one of the most effective ways to reflect the war in terms of reasons, results, stories of people and their families, feelings and emotions, actions and virtues. Does the war help people to understand the values of life and demonstrate their virtues? I would like to review the works of literature the authors of which managed to show how horrible the war is so that successive generations did not want to solve the conflicts in this way. The war is one of the most widely-spread and talked-about concepts of the contemporary society. The history should no t be forgotten; it has to be reflected in literature for other people to learn the examples and know how destructive the mankind can be. The relations between the people during the war were not clear, especially regarding the World War II when the concept of racism was advanced in terms of treating people rather than their skills, virtues, or features. In this respect, many people try to listen only to the stories about brave men who can come to rescue. However, in the beginning of the book The Complete Maus: Maus I – A Survivor’s Tale; Maus II – And Here My Troubles Began by Art Spiegelman, the father tells the author: â€Å"It would take many books, my life, and no one wants anyway to hear such stories† (14). The images of mice use to depict Jews are bright and lively showing how horrible the war is in spite of the fact that people do not like to hear true storues. The responsibility is a concept that has little relation to war because no one would clai m that he/she started the war and made all those people suffer. Some Americans cannot still forget the horrors of the Vietnam War whereas the invasion of Iraq became another topic for literary tragedy. As such, people suffer from the consequences of war which did not even finish because soldiers die leaving families without â€Å"Our fathers—our coaches, our teachers, our barbers, our cooks, our gas-station attendants and UPS deliverymen and deputies and firemen and mechanics—our fathers† (Percy, par. 8).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The most horrible thing is that the representatives of the government responsible for those victims of the war including soldiers and their families do not realize how many people are affected and how damaging and destructing the entire war conflict is. Some people think that war is romantic in some way showing us heroes that bravely fight against the enemies. However, their attitude towards war is shaped in accordance with the principles advocated and propagated in media. On the contrary, the horrors of war are the same no matter how many time have passed since the last shot. The World War I seems to be far away though its reflections are still engraved in the world history because it affected many countries and many people died or lost people their knew and loved. The poem â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† by Wilfred Owen was inspired by the events of this war demonstrating the horrors of military operations. The author tells about the gas and the reaction of a human organism when one can do nothing to prevent the reaction: But someone still was yelling out and stumbling and floundering like a man in fire or lime (Owen, lines 11-12). This poem ends with a statement that the famous Latin exhortation about the excitement from dying for the mother land is the lies. Works Cited Percy, Benjamin. â€Å"Refresh, R efresh.† The Paris Review 175, (2005): n. pag. Web. Spiegelman, Art. The Complete Maus: Maus I – A Survivor’s Tale; Maus II – And Here My Troubles Began. New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 1997. Print. Owen, Wilfred. â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est.† N. pag. Web. http://english.emory.edu/LostPoets/Dulce.html.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reflecting the Horrors of War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Reflecting the Horrors of War was written and submitted by user Night Thrasher to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tips for Educators With Wheelchair-Bound Students

Tips for Educators With Wheelchair-Bound Students Dont assume that the student in the wheelchair requires assistance;Â  always ask the student if they would like your help before giving it. Its good to establish a method of how and when the student would like your assistance. Have this one-to-one conversation. Conversations When you engage with a student in a wheelchair and youre talking with them for more than a minute or two, kneel down to their level so that youre more face-to-face. Wheelchair users appreciate same-level dialogue. One student once said, When I started using a wheelchair after my accident, everything and everyone in my life got taller. Clear Paths Always assess the halls, cloakrooms, and classroom to ensure that there are clear paths. Indicate clearly how and where they access doors for recess, and identify any barriers that may be in their way. If alternate paths are required, make this clear to the student. Make sure desks in your classroom are organized in a way that will accommodate the wheelchair user. What to Avoid For some reason, many teachers will pat the wheelchair user on the head or shoulder. This is often demeaning, and the student may feel patronized by this movement. Treat the child in the wheelchair the same way you would treat all children in your classroom. Remember that the childs wheelchair is a part of him/her, dont lean or hang off a wheelchair. Freedom Dont assume that the child in the wheelchair is suffering or cant do things as a result of being in the wheelchair. The wheelchair is this childs freedom. Its an enabler, not a disabler. Mobility Students in wheelchairs will need transfers for washrooms and transportation. When transfers occur, dont move the wheelchair out of reach from the child. Keep it in close proximity. In Their Shoes What if you were to invite an individual who was in a wheelchair to your house for dinner? Think about what you would do ahead of time. Always plan to accommodate the wheelchair, and try to anticipate their needs in advance. Always beware of the barriers, and incorporate strategies around them. Understanding the Needs Students in wheelchairs attend public schools more and more regularly. Teachers and teacher/educational assistants need to understand the physical and emotional needs of students in wheelchairs. Its important to have the background information from parents and outside agencies if at all possible. The knowledge will better help you to understand the students needs. Teachers and teacher assistants will need to take on a very strong leadership modeling role. When one models appropriate ways to support students with special needs, other children in the class learn how to be helpful and they learn how to react with empathy versus pity. They learn too that the wheelchair is an enabler, not a disabler.

Critically Review the Blossoming Garden Centre case study Essay

Critically Review the Blossoming Garden Centre case study - Essay Example This has called for the emphasis on training and development of the workforce too. Consequently organizations have been observed to be making huge investments in conducting training needs analysis, developing training modules, and delivering the same to its human capital. Organizations constantly creating new knowledge and imparting the same through effective training and development to employees are seen to be providing better services and products to customers than others. Constant learning and development has become the key for success of the organizations (Vemic, 2007, p.1). This project seeks to bring forth the present HR conditions in Blossoming Garden City. For this purpose it conducts an evaluation of the organizations’ learning and development issues in the organization. The first issue which is observed is that the organization easily finds staff for itself but lacks the desirable skills or the willingness of these staff to get hands on experience with customers. The organization primarily faces difficulty in finding executives at the management and supervisory level. It is also expected that restructuring the management responsibility would be a difficult issue when Gordon would retire, who has been the Managing Director of the company since 1985. Moreover the nature of the business reveals that staffs need to be in constant touch with customers. This demands the right kind of customer skills which in turn demands adequate training on the skills. Training is considered to be an ongoing process in the organization, however, inadequacy of a formal training structure has been observed. Identification of Needs The report focuses on the learning cycle presented by Kolb, in terms of identifying the training needs, planning, delivering and evaluating the elements of learning and development. According to Kolb, every individual needs and responds to the stimulus of various types of learning styles to certain extent or the other. Depending on the best learning styles that fit the employees’ organizations set their learning strategies and preferences (Harrison, 2005, p.83). The following diagram provides Kolb’s learning cycle (Please refer Appendix 1). Researchers and practitioners have realized the requirement for training needs analysis as being an integral part of the organizations. In order to utilize resources successfully, it is important for organizations to determine the exact scope, location and magnitude of the training needs. Researchers have highlighted on the fact that there exists no justification of investments in training programs if it does not end up enhancing or improving the efficiency of the workforce of the organization (Moore & Dutton, 1978). Training needs analysis accounts for the very first step in the cyclical process of the overall education and training strategy staffs in organizations. According to the views of Gould, Kelly & White & Chidgey, (2003), training needs analysis begins with t he systematic consultation of identification of learning needs of the staff which is consecutively followed by the program planning, delivery and evaluation of the training programs. Research was conducted on micro and macro level organization for evaluating their training needs and assessments. It was revealed that in spite of their limited and small scope, the micro level organiza

Stock Market Index in China Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15000 words

Stock Market Index in China - Dissertation Example Shanghai exchange will be positioned as China’s New York Stock Exchange (main board) while Shen Zhen exchange will act as China’s NASDAQ devoted to the growth or secondary market.   In essence, China’s securities market is still an immature one with few sophisticated financial instruments such as stock options, interest swaps, commodity futures, financial futures and derivatives.   Government is researching the advanced tools while most local securities firms are still inexperienced.   Supporting the program to nurture the growth of the stock market is China’s $622 billion securities market and its $900 billion savings, which makes China attractive to foreign investors even at this early stage.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surprisingly, the economic growth has been achieved against a backdrop of inadequate legal and regulatory infrastructure and barriers that inhibit market entry and competition. However, Chinese government has promised improve legal and regul atory framework in order to meet several economic development goals.   The problems on bad bank loans and inefficient state-owned companies still intimidate foreign investors but many believe China can make its financial market more attractive by creating a better regulatory environment and more complete market structure.Price liberalization, downsizing state-run industry and making way for a vibrant private sector were the touchstones of China’s efforts to open up its trade and investment arena to the world (Schlotthauer, N., 1999).  Ã‚   To further expand domestic demand, a series of moves were taken in 2003.

Assignment2 economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment2 economics - Essay Example The product is target at middle income earners so a higher mark up can scare them away will raise mark up gradually based on demand. b) A new technology you have developed and recently patented. The market has been awaiting this product and its purchase by a customer will yield a tremendous competitive advantage. The only users will be very large Fortune 200 companies who have deep pockets and are anxious for the competitive advantage your product yields. Reason: The product is based on a new technology so there are currently no competitors. Patent rights prevents the entry of competition hence 80% of mark up. Besides the buyers are affordable Fortune 200 companies waiting to double their returns based on this product. Besides the tremendous expected demand. c) You own a railroad company. You are about to junk some old boxcars. However, there is a surprisingly tremendous demand for boxcars to be used as suites, just like the ones at Bryce Memorial Stadium at the University South Carolina. Reason: The 30 % mark up due to the demand for the product. But the product is not patented and there is competition from other railroad companies hence only 30% will raise or lower to offer a competitive price as the boxcars will be junked if not. f) Your company owns a 5-acre tract of land on a hill. ... product is not patented and there is competition from other railroad companies hence only 30% will raise or lower to offer a competitive price as the boxcars will be junked if not. f) Your company owns a 5-acre tract of land on a hill. You do not plan to use the land, but rather to keep it as 'greenspace' for your employees. You have been approached by a cellular company who wishes to place a tower on your site. They have begun discussions with another company who has a less attractive site. This company will try to negotiate for $8,000 per year. Price of the 5 - acre tract - $8000 (or more attractive for the cellular company) Reason: The company achieves its aim in keeping the area green as well as will receive revenue of $ 8000 as rent without any maintenance for the tower unlike a building rented. g) You own a start up cellular company and are considering how to price your basic, standard phones if customers will sign a contract to keep your service for a year. Price of the service will be - 10% lower than the market price Reason: The product is new and needs market penetration among existing players. Besides the signing of contract by the customers for a year will reduce attrition and salvage the cost Question 2: Discuss the differences in how each market type prices its product to maximize profit. Products in different market types are priced differently. Find below a closer look at various market types, buyer and seller ratios, pricing strategies, and the impact of advertising. Entry into and exit from markets, Price leadership and price differentiation. Types of Markets 4 Market with Perfect competition: In a market with perfect competition, a large number of sellers and buyers

Emotional Labour In Call Centres Arlie Hochschild

Emotional Labour In Call Centres Arlie Hochschild The shift away from manufacturing industries in Britain towards service sector industries within the late 20th century, has led to a considerable growth within employment in the service sector (Hough, 2004), with many employees now involved in front-line service interactions with clientele or customers. Call Centres in particular has experienced a growth up to 400,000 employees; more than coal, steal and car manufacturing industry put together (Toynbee,2003). As a result of their rapid growth, it has provided a fascinating field of study for academic research into the human component of the working environment, with the process of work and its associated control and employment relations at the centre focus of most debates (FernieMetcalf, 1997). Given that Call Centre employees are working in an environment where tasks are often decidedly scripted and performance is closely controlled and monitored, academics have pointed to the similarities of this work to Tayloristic style productio n lines (TaylorBain,1998). However due to the labour and product of call centre work being relatively intangible, unlike the distinct process of product and service delivery in factory work, the emphasis within Call centres is almost exclusively on the quality of communication. In conjunction to the physical demands, cognitive requirements also need to be considered, whether an operative is dealing with a complaint, or a customer service call, they all demand emotion from staff. The increasing demand for client-centred services in a highly competitive business environment, has recognising that service workers are able to carry out emotional work which can be used as a vital part of the capitalists labour process (Hoschild, 1979,1983),to produce customer satisfaction. Therefore it is in an organisations interest to comprehend the impact of emotional labour on staff, in order to enhance the effectiveness of service and well-being of workers, ultimately decreasing costs such as stress, burnout, turnover and absenteeism (LewigDollard, 2003). Thus this writing will outline the concept of emotional labour and discuss generally the costs and benefits for front-line service employees within Call Centres and for the organisation itself, before looking at the ways call centre can help support employees. Emotional labour was a term constructed by Arlie Hochschild (1983) in her revolutionary study named The Managed Heart. The term describes the control of a persons behaviour to display appropriate emotions, within a situation (chu,2002), suggesting that certain emotions felt or not felt by an individual are suppressed or expressed in order to conform to social norms. Despite Hochschilds widely accepted definition, some researchers have defined and conceptualised emotional labour in different ways. However, the underlying assumption within organisational settings, is that emotional labour is to regulate both feelings and expressions in accordance with occupational or organisational display rules to achieve organisational goals (Schaubroeck Jones, 2000).For example, there is little doubt that emotional work in a Call Centre for staff can be demanding, boring, exhausting, tedious and  stressful (Carrim et al,2006).   Yet to clearly display these feelings to management or c ustomers would be in appropriate. As call centre staff are expected to appear cheerful and welcoming. Therefore from these rules, which can be learnt from our everyday interactions, through education, socialisation and fine -tuned by individual experiences and socially regulated settings, we learn when and where to look sad or glad, fearsome or fearful (PayneCooper, 2001) Many organisations have display rules concerning the emotions that employees should demonstrate in encounters with customers, clients, or members of the public (Hochschild, 1983). These display rules stipulate the content and range of emotions to be displayed, along with the frequency, intensity and duration that such emotions should be displayed (MorrisFeldman, 1996). These display rules may be explicit in organisation training materials, or they may be implicit in organisational norms (SuttonRafaeli, 1998). For example, Call Centre operatives engage in work interactively with customers on either inbound or outbound calls on actions such as sales and telemarketing, product or service information, and customer queries and complaints. These employees perform an important role in the management of customer relationships. As a consequence, service sector organizations have sought to specify the way in which employees present themselves to their customers. This has led to particularly in vasive forms of workplace control as operatives are now generally monitored for service quality as well as productivity. In most call centres there are constant efforts to increase the number of calls taken per employee and reduce both customer call time and wrap-up time (TaylorBain, 1999). Yet rules are also enforced to be cheerful happy, sociable, inoffensive and polite, despite the customers behaviour. As the manner in which operatives display their feelings towards customers has a critical effect on the quality of service transactions (AshforthHumphrey, 1993). Undeniably, the quality of the interaction is often the service provided (Leidner, 1996). The behaviour of the employee is therefore central to the success of the service transaction. These contradictory but asymmetrical pressures both create role conà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ict for employees yet provide a high quality service (KnightsMcCabe, 1998).To control these conflicting pressures management  invents ever more imaginati ve ways to extract the maximum, and most sincere, performances from emotional workers  smiling  and meaning  it  being the  aim (PayneCooper, 2001). From a similar observation Hochschild (1983) noted how emotional dissonance can occur when an employees true feelings are different from their expressed emotions. Moving further to suggest how individuals deal with emotional dissonance by either surface acting or deep acting. Surface acting being the effort to achieve only the expression of emotion, such as one call centre agent admitted, I make the right noises saying sorryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I dont really care (). While deep acting is a conscious attempt to produce and communicate the required emotions, and to manage the situation appropriately, by working to truly relate, believe and live the customers anxiety. Continually, academics such as, Ashforth and Humphrey (1993) have noted that when employees deep act, there may not be any emotional dissonance, but there is still exertion involved in achieving the appropriate emotions to follow display rules. Despite, huge efforts to sustain expected behaviours of calm, courteous and supportive behaviour, regardless of how operatives are really feeling, or being treated by a customer, either through surface or deep acting there may come a point of illness, exhaustion and burnout, through continual emotional labour (Hochschild,1983). Suggestively, more so when an operative is continually surface acting. This is supported by Schaubroeck and Jones (2000) in an examination of adverse employee health outcomes, found that pressures to express positive emotion within a persons job was positively related to physical symptoms. With over 20% of a Call Centre interactions, containing anger and verbal abuse from a customer (Grandey,DickterSin,2004).Which is often maintained throughout the duration of the complaint, despite an operatives efforts to placate the consumer (SchererCeschi,1997). Undeniably facing hostile behaviour and abuse could lead to physical indications of unhappiness emerging as work place stress such as hypertension, heart disease, even exacerbate cancer (Mann,2004) due to suppression of an operatives true feelings, which may cause a burnout. Which eventually may lead to an extended struggle to care and illustrate feelings ` (Mann,2004). One explanation is that employees may find it more difficult to sustain higher levels of expressed positive emotion while surface acting, that this creates tension within the individual. Form this employee may then break character by allowing their true feelings to leak into the telephone conversation (TotterdellHolman,2003). The high control system employed in a Call Centres i.e. scripted working of responses and the wide knowledge and expectation from customers suggests that if this does occur customers recognise this and feel the power to reinforce managements control efforts reprimanding workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.complaining to employees superiors when service [does] not meet their expectations (Leidner,1996,p.40) as customers are now able to distinguish the difference between genuine quality service and feigned quality service (Taylor,1998, p. 87). This in its-self leads to higher stressors within the job. In discussing her similar findings, Grandey (2003) suggested that emotional dissonance exhausts operatives resources, leaving them with too little resources to keep from breaking character. This depletion of resources may also cause the individual to adopt a strategy of withdrawal behaviours in order to cope with work demands to conserve resources: indeed, emotional exhaustion has been found to be associated with higher rates of employee absence (Deery et al,2002), as control pressure from several angles becomes too much to control. The correlation continues when looking at cognitive health cost, related to sustained emotional labour, Strazdins (2002) focuses on the cognitive processes involved, suggesting than an employee may find that their own mood becomes changed to mimic the anothers negative mood, around them in the team set up of a call centre floor. This process is known as emotional contagion (Pugh,2001). The employees cognitive processing may become negatively primed, stimulating recall of distressing events, or the employee may selectively process negative information relayed to them on the telephone, which in turn comes to affect decision-making. Negative emotions can then carry over and contaminate subsequent interactions with clients, fellow workmates or employees. Recent organizational research shows that employees working in team formats such as call centre staff do, are likely to share opinions, attitudes, thoughts and moods as well as behavioral patterns and general outlooks (Salanova,LlorensSc haufeli,2011). Moreover, group level job characteristics have shown to affect individual burnout levels. This means that shared group feelings of burnout can be described either in terms of comparable reactions to the same working conditions (VanYperenSnjiders,2000) or as the result of a process of emotional contagion (BakkerSchaufeli, 2000). In this perspective shared burnout within a team can be interpreted as a form of collective mood. Employees evaluate themselves through comparison with similar others. Observing similar others to succeed or to fail is likely to influence another emotional contagion which may have negative as well as positive influences on self-efficacy (Gist,1987). To positively control this successfully as a call centre manager would be hugely beneficial to all parties however for employees to perceive yet more control may simply have a negative effect. Since Hochschilds (1983) claims that emotional labour can lead to a sense of inauthenticity, loss of feelings, diminished self-esteem, stress and burnout, other authors have supported this suggesting that emotional labour is associated with higher work stress and psychological distress (Pugliesi,1999). Controversially, Wharton (1993) agreed that factors such as interactions with customers, self-perceptions of inadequate skills can and does adversely affect employees, however she also suggested that these werent the only work factors contributing to the incidence of emotional exhaustion, which may not always be linked to emotional labour, including job autonomy, tenure, and working hours, high workloads, lack of variety of work tasks and low promotional opportunities; importantly, the support and help of team leaders was associated with lower emotional exhaustion (Deery Iverson,Walsh,2002). Amy Whartons (1993) examination of front-line service workers found that, emotional labour may actually enhance the employees self-efficacy, make interactions more predictable, help avoid embarrassing disruptive interpersonal situations, and allow authentic self-expression where there is some latitude for occasional deviations from the display rules (AshforthHumphrey,1993). Morris and Feldman (1996) agreed that emotional labour is not consistently damaging or equally damaging to all employees, asserting it is emotional dissonance, not simply emotional labour, that is associated negatively with job satisfaction. Furthermore, Lewig and Dollard (2003) found that emotional dissonance is positively correlated with emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion, feeling emotionally drained and depleted from work, is the core component of the employee stress syndrome of burnout (CordesDougherty,1993) which has a range of consequences for employees health, performance, motivation, absenteeism and turnover (SchaufeliEnzmann,1998). Therefore the identified associations between emotional labour, emotional exhaustion and burnout are of critical importance for organisations, although admittedly they are hugely interlinked, one does not necessarily cause the other. If emotional labour carries such a high risk for call centre operatives working for the organisation, why do nearly all call centres and other service organisations insist on enforcing such a tool? The reasoning for this is, the manner in which employees convey their feelings over the telephone can have a critical effect on the quality of service transactions (AshforthHumphrey,1993). In a practical examination of these propositions, a study of Taiwanese employees found that when a psychological climate for service friendliness was higher, employees displayed more positive emotions toward customers that were associated with an increased customer willingness to return with follow up custom and pass positive comments to friends. Other articles published on the topic propose that appropriately-displayed employee emotions would result in three positive consequences for organisations: immediate gains (customers would immediately co-operate), encore gains (customers would go back), and cont agion gains (customers would pass positive comments to friends) (RafaeliSutton,1987). Further, Ashforth and Humphrey (1993) proposed that compliance with display rules facilitates task performance. However doubt surrounding great customer employee action directly relating to purchase decisions has been raised (Tsai,2001). As a customer simply may not be interested in the service they have been telephoned for; a current example being PPI claim back marketing call, many of thousands of people receive these calls who despite polite conversational call centre operatives, organisations may not experience immediate gains from most customers. Therefore it can be said that although emotional labour can be damaging for both parties involved it can also be beneficial. Examining some techniques to facilitate emotional labour managers should be mindful of the costs involved in performance as well as emotional contagion, with this Egg credit cards created provision of time-out and a quiet staff-only space for staff to recover from stressful or distressing customer interactions, surrounding their call centre floor. Within this change came new job design, roles that incorporated emotional labour yet staff had some variety, autonomy, prospects of promotion, and reasonable working hours and workloads, with a culture of celebration, and support from all office members to help cope in all areas of each others working life. Increased by the community spaces purposely built and designed within the building (Citex,2001). The engineered culture egg brought in to the call centre supported staff. Further suggestions to help reduce the effe cts of negatively perceived emotional labour, is through training in emotional intelligence as it enhances skills of self-awareness and self-management and in particular, can be said to enhance the performance of deep acting, eliminating performance leak. Furthermore, focus is begging to be placed on the recruitment of staff members, upon their competency of their personality, with some call centres looking upon mount et als big 5 theory to gain the correct personalities for the job, enforcing tests and application techniques usually reserved for higher positioned jobs (CallaghanThompson,2002) as HR manager managers attitudes are now aimed to select staff with the required attitudinal and behavioural characteristics, induct them into a quality culture . . . selection often focuses on attitudes to flexibility and customer service rather than skill or qualià ¯cation levels (RedmanMathews,1998,p. 60). One manager went on to state some people are maybe not as fast round a keyboard, so they may struggle in achieving peer group average handling time for calls. But we can do something about that, we can use team coaches or leaders or training teams when available to develop that individual in those areas. Its very difà ¯cult to change somebodys attitude. With a combination of all can achieve or at least minimise the decrease of emotional labour for all. You can tell by talking to someone during interview whether they smile, whether their eyes smile. If you smile during your interview and you are enthusiastic, youll be okay (CallaghanThomphson, 2002 p.240) Over all Fineman (1993, p. 1) argued that the management and mobilization of emotions are pivotal in the way organizational order is achieved and undone. However, the organizational culture in Western society is heavily influenced by the rational traditions of theorists such as Weber, Taylor, and Fayol (Sashkin,1981) and therefore strives for the cognitive dehumanization of organizations. As a result, much of the research on organizational phenomena has focused on the rational side of functions, issues, and components of organizational life. This results in the removal of the emotional elements of organizational life from our understanding of organizational phenomena (Fineman, 1993).In the last few decades, however, scholars have attempted to study the emotionality inherent in organizational life (for example, Hochschild,1979; Fineman, 1993; Ashforth and Humphrey, 1995). From this is a growing body of research indicates that the performance of emotional labour may entail serious nega tive outcomes for employees, including stress, distress, decreased job satisfaction, burnout, and withdrawal behaviours such as absenteeism and turnover. It is in the organisations interest to understand and mitigate these negative outcomes, as the effective performance of emotional labour is generally beneficial for organisations. The manager of front-line service employees can draw on recent research findings to identify a number of practical techniques to facilitate the performance of emotional labour.

Iowa- An American Portrait :: essays research papers

â€Å"Iowa- An American Portrait†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The film â€Å"Iowa- An American Portrait† was narrated by Tom Brokaw. It described the land, people, education, work, religion, and family life of Iowa. One of the main topics of the film was the general view of Iowa- the Farm State. Iowa has more than two- hundred- thousand farms; ninety- eight percent of Iowa’s total land is used for production; with ninety percent of total land being used for the production of food. Reverence for the great land and rich soil of Iowa began with the Native Americans. Many years later, European immigrants settled the land of Iowa. They first settled near the Mississippi River and spread through out Iowa in the short time span of forty years. They soon began farming the land and found that one family could make a good living on eighty acres. Work was a necessity to Iowans. It gave meaning and pride to life, and farming was a business that could be passed on from generation to generation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Corn soon became the crop of choice to Iowa farmers. They found that it was more resistant to disease than the other crops they were growing, such as barley, oats, wheat, and apples. With this newfound â€Å"wonder crop†, Iowans found that farming had become the ideal way of life. Working on the farm involved all of the members of the family, which brought them together and made them stronger through hardships and great opportunities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Draft horses used for plowing later became a luxury and farming soon lost its fun and joyful qualities. It was a time of greater hardship than ever before, but the freedom Iowa farmers had to work, worship, live, and play in their own way made it worth the despairing times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Towns of all sizes began growing throughout Iowa. With them came churches, schools, businesses, and co-ops. The various institutions and businesses of the towns were flourishing. The children of Iowa were attending school regularly and doing well. The literacy rate of Iowa soon became the highest in the nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Farms weren’t the only means of earning a living in Iowa. Saw and lumber mills were abundant along the upper Mississippi River, but the lumber supply being harvested was exhausted quickly, putting the mills out of business. Iowa- An American Portrait :: essays research papers â€Å"Iowa- An American Portrait†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The film â€Å"Iowa- An American Portrait† was narrated by Tom Brokaw. It described the land, people, education, work, religion, and family life of Iowa. One of the main topics of the film was the general view of Iowa- the Farm State. Iowa has more than two- hundred- thousand farms; ninety- eight percent of Iowa’s total land is used for production; with ninety percent of total land being used for the production of food. Reverence for the great land and rich soil of Iowa began with the Native Americans. Many years later, European immigrants settled the land of Iowa. They first settled near the Mississippi River and spread through out Iowa in the short time span of forty years. They soon began farming the land and found that one family could make a good living on eighty acres. Work was a necessity to Iowans. It gave meaning and pride to life, and farming was a business that could be passed on from generation to generation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Corn soon became the crop of choice to Iowa farmers. They found that it was more resistant to disease than the other crops they were growing, such as barley, oats, wheat, and apples. With this newfound â€Å"wonder crop†, Iowans found that farming had become the ideal way of life. Working on the farm involved all of the members of the family, which brought them together and made them stronger through hardships and great opportunities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Draft horses used for plowing later became a luxury and farming soon lost its fun and joyful qualities. It was a time of greater hardship than ever before, but the freedom Iowa farmers had to work, worship, live, and play in their own way made it worth the despairing times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Towns of all sizes began growing throughout Iowa. With them came churches, schools, businesses, and co-ops. The various institutions and businesses of the towns were flourishing. The children of Iowa were attending school regularly and doing well. The literacy rate of Iowa soon became the highest in the nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Farms weren’t the only means of earning a living in Iowa. Saw and lumber mills were abundant along the upper Mississippi River, but the lumber supply being harvested was exhausted quickly, putting the mills out of business.

Kings Speech

Jordan Blume Blume 1 22/09/11 The Kings Speech Review Refurbished History The King’s Speech is a moving film which provides viewers with an auto- biographic view on King George VI’s reign to power. Set in the 1930’s, The King’s Speech accurately conveys a believable setting and experience through the acting and camera work. Every emotion portrayed by the characters can be witnessed and felt first hand. One can literally feel for the characters and perhaps even relate at some points. Berty’s stubborn and quick tempered personality make it difficult for him to succeed, until he meets Lionel, an elderly man who sees something in Berty, the potential for greatness. Lionel stands by Berty; helping and pushing him outside his comfort zone, trying to eliminate or at least control his speech impediment. The title of King George VI is Berty’s and with Lionel’s help, the two work to overcome the odds and live up to the standards that are king. The Kings Speech is deserving of all the awards it received because it is a great movie. The historical content is accurately portrayed through flawless acting, sensual music, and lessons that anyone can learn from and appreciate. The visual and emotional experience overwhelms viewers making this an enjoyable and award deserving movie. Blume 2 After watching The Kings Speech, one could say that it had an unexpected appeal to it; not something that you would normally like, but did for some reason. Its easily seen the time and energy that was put into the movie, as the scenes all flowed nicely, the music matched what was happening, and the emotions were felt beyond the screen. Even the camera work is well done and edited in a way which strengthens the overall finished product. â€Å"This is art, not just cinema. He doesn't frame everyone in the middle or even just to one side or another, he uses the colors, the atmosphere, the sets, every detail on the walls and everything around them to bring the entire frame, and subsequently the entire film, to life with a stunning elegance. [Alex Billington] Tom Hooper, the director, was nominated for Best Director, and won rightfully so. He adequately transformed history into a present day master piece, while still accurately displaying past events truthfully and with great detail. Drama films tend to drag on, not keeping the attention of most for very long, this is not the case with The Kings Speech. The character Lionel, although not th e main character, kept the movie going at a good pace with his witty humour, always sarcastic tone, and comforting personality. Berty’s character, on the other hand, rectified the same feelings only in a different manner. Berty is a negative character, while Lionel is more positive, and viewers can without doubt feel the struggle the future king has to go through. Anxiety, pressure, doubt, and giving up are all aspects which can be felt outside the screen. A good film is able to make the audience think and feel alongside the characters on the screen. The Kings Speech definitely does this through great acting, directing, and the obvious time and energy spent creating this masterpiece. Blume 3 The title that is King, is passed down from generation to generation, granted that its kept in the family. This is what happened in The Kings Speech, which is based off true events. Colin Firth plays the king, and all throughout the duration of the film we see him partaking in what seems to be a life or death struggle, with his stammer. He was born into a royal family, which didn’t help the situation at all, and thus is expected to fulfill his duty with speeches and public matters. â€Å"The highest of distinctions, is service to others. [King George VI] One will notice that after it is official Berty is to become king, the characters struggle seems to take an immense downward spiral, until meeting his speech therapist and future friend; Lionel. The kings stammer seems to have rooted from past events, which haunt him to the present day. This could perhaps hold true, as Berty becomes disoriented and defensive when being pushed outside his comfort zone. Nevertheless, Li onel does just this, allowing Berty to do things he never thought possible. Berty and Lionel share a unique bond; that which is different yet more recognizable, from the other characters in The Kings Speech. They meet early on, when characters are still being introduced, thanks to Berty’s wife; Elizabeth, who sought out help for her troubled husband. An unlicensed speech therapist, being Lionel, decides to take on the King’s problem after meeting with him. The two clash heads initially until things start to take a turn for the better. Berty has an impulse which tells him he cant do things, whilst Lionel is that voice that is pushing him and telling him that he can in fact overcome his mental block. â€Å"-who’s unconventional techniques helped the second in line Blume 4 o the British throne gain his ’voice‘. † [Gloria Goodale] Berty seems to think that he is unable to beat his flaw, damaging his ego more every time he fails. Prior to Lionel, his therapists seemed to only target the direct problem without going deeper to find out why the problem exists in the first place. In order to dig deeper, Lionel pushes Berty outside of his comfort zone which he carefully built up over the years, allowing Lionel deeper entry into the problems core. It takes a strong mind to deal with mental and psychological issues, and an even stronger mind to overcome those burdens. Berty, or rightfully; King George VI, beat the odds and overcame his underdog status by allowing his problem to be explored and treated by the right person. The Kings Speech is not only a movie, its an enjoyable experience for the eyes, ears, and mind. Through stunning and artistic camera work, to superfluous directing, this film is more then worthy of the awards it received; including best picture, best director, best actor and best original screenplay. Emotions can be felt outside the screen and within the viewers as they witness the cinematic masterpiece that is The Kings Speech. The director, screenplay writer, editors, and actors all deserve the awards they received for their marvellous and exorbitant performances. After taking into account all that has been noted, one must make the decision themselves; but over all, it cannot be argued that the Kings Speech is a movie that will go down in history. Works Cited Blume 5 Billington, Alex. Toronto Review: Tom Hooper's Exceptional ‘The King's Speech'. September 20. 2010. 20/09/2011 Brit Royals. Royal Family History. (King George VI) 20/09/2011 Goodale, Gloria. The Real Story Behind ‘The Kings Speech’. The Christian Science Monitor. February 16. 2011 19/09/2011

Explain how group work contributed to the final performance Essays

Explain how group work contributed to the final performance Essays Explain how group work contributed to the final performance Essay Explain how group work contributed to the final performance Essay When we first began working as a collective none of us were very sure about how to proceed; we knew that for this to work, everyone would need to take their role within the group, but the problem was in finding what those roles should be. As we were in a very small group, everyones full input was needed throughout the process as we realised early on that if this did not happen then there would be a large proportion of the group not taking part. In larger groups, having someone not taking part would not necessarily be that important, however, with ours, we would be at a serious disadvantage. Luckily every one of group was very committed to producing the best piece that we could, and this involved not letting each other down. This work ethic allowed us to have many in-depth discussions into the possible interpretations and meanings of our work, and so we developed a very complex understanding of what we were actually trying to communicate, and, to us, gave the work much greater meaning. In the beginning stages, we all took on very similar working roles. This was not very productive as often the same task was performed three times over. For example, all doing research on the same subject meant that a lot of information was being regurgitated, and so time was being wasted on unnecessary work. Although it seems like an obvious course of action, we began giving people dedicated tasks at the end of each rehearsal. This allowed us to know exactly what other members of the group would be bringing to the next meet, and so we were able to structure our own work around this knowledge. One of the most difficult parts of coming to the devising process was learning how to constructively working in a group over a long period of time. While we were used to being part of a cast, we had always had the influence of a director to keep things fresh and to solve conflicts. This time we would have to figure it all out for ourselves.  Before we tried to begin doing any work we first sat down and discussed and agreed upon a number of ground rules that we would be working to during our devising. These rules were not there to keep members of the group constrained, but were there so that we knew what was expected of us during this process. Much of what was decided came from common sense, but it was very useful to have everyones contribution as this created an open atmosphere where we could voice hopes and concerns about working in the group. These rules were written down, but they were never referred to afterwards as we all respected them throughout the process. In this early stage we had not had the chance to develop the group skills that would be so important to the completion of the project. In order to gain these skills we began working on simple tasks such as constructing short scenes and improvising around the stimulus material. These exercises did not contribute to the final performance, however, the processes of constructing them allowed us to work in the same group situations that we would be working in throughout the devising process, and gave us an idea of the kinds of concessions and cooperation needed for the success of group work. This way of working, was very intense, and although it did produce results, the group was not its without conflicts. Because of the open nature of the group we never had disagreements over the actual work; if there was a problem with what was being produced, we sat down and tried to work out alternatives, and it was this way of working that probably stopped a number of arguments. However, this was a very stressful atmosphere, especially as we came closer to the night of performance. On one occasion we found ourselves arguing over petty problems, and this began interfering with the work. At the time we decided to abandon the rehearsal and spend the evening relaxing, not thinking about the play! Thankfully this was the only occasion that we actually argued over the work and so the only time that our work was interrupted in this way. Although I have said that the amount of time spent together was the cause of disputes, this also created a very tight bond between the members of the group, and it was this bond that was crucial to the success of the final performance. This closeness that we had developed worked to our advantage on a number of levels. When developing ideas we were able to understand the thought track of other members very quickly, and so very little explaining was needed when presenting new concepts. But also, when we came to the final performance, we knew that we were able to rely on the abilities of other group members. In the performance, not only did we know what we were meant to be doing, we also knew exactly what other members of the cast were supposed to be doing. This allowed us to precisely plan our reactions and meant that (epically with the more physical elements) we were able to rely on other cast members to doing exactly what they supposed to be doing. This level of trust that had been developing for a number of weeks meant that we did not have to worry about the performance of other members of the group. Without the development of group work in the early stages we would not have been able to work effectively within the group, and possibly the very simple devising tasks would not have been achieved.

Specific Heat Capacity Essay Example

Specific Heat Capacity Essay Example Specific Heat Capacity Paper Specific Heat Capacity Paper In this experiment, we are going to use a calorimeter (a solid metal block of aluminium). And we are going to expose it to different temperatures and measure the difference in temperature over time.  We will also measure the changes in electric properties from the heater over time: Volts and Amperes. In order to get more precise data, we are going to repeat this experiment twice with different power and the second trial will use stronger voltage. The reason that we are going to perform two trials is to try to minimize the error due to heat lost. The value that we get is 528 J Kg-1K-1. Theoretically, the Specific Heat Capacity of Aluminium is 897J g-1  ½K-1. I presume that we may have lost some of the heat to the air as well as to metal expansion. In order to minimize the error due to heat, we repeated the same experiment with different levels of power. This allows us to minimize the uncertainties due to heat loss by isolating them from the original equation.  Even though we were tried to lower the value of error, it was difficult to minimize it without completely insulating the calorimeter. There are some doubts about the fact that the heater is sometimes warming the calorimeter quickly, whilst it sometimes takes a longer period. I am not sure about the reason for this phenomenon. Sensible variations were detected during the experiment. A suggestion would be to use a more accurate heater or digital thermometer for further testing.  In order to get more precise data, we should definitely insulate the calorimeter to minimize its heat lost to the surroundings. For instance, we may place bubble wrap, foil or Styrofoam around the calorimeter.  To obtain more accurate results in the future, a good idea may be to perform the experiment more than twice. Even if the heat loss variable is set aside after more than one experiment, we might get more reliable data by overcoming the variations we have observed in heat transmission between the heater and calorimeter. The specific heat capacity of the objects can be calculated because the heat gained in the reaction is equal to the heat lost during the reaction. Due to the concept of thermal equilibrium we know that when objects of differing temperatures are in contact with each other, in this case the block, the water and Aluminum calorimeter they will eventually transfer heat to the point at which they are the same temperature. By measuring the temperature before the blocks were added to the water and then again when the temperature remains constant indicating equilibrium temperature the change in temperature was able to be calculated and using this along with the mass of the objects and water and calorimeter the specific heat capacity could be calculated using the Q=mc?T formula. For the How cold is it in the freezer compartment? question an aluminum block was placed in the freezer and then placed into the water in the calorimeter of which the temperature had been recorded. The temperature of the water with the Aluminum block was recorded until the constant temperature was reached. With this we can calculate the initial temperature of the aluminum block which gives us the temperature of the freezer. Evaluation: There were several limitations in the equipment used to carry out the procedure.  The scale used to measure the mass of the aluminum calorimeter and water only measured up to 200g this was a major limitation as it only allowed for a small amount of water to be added to the calorimeter which may have affected the heat transfer as the submerged block may not have been fully submerged therefore some heat may have been lost to the air. In moving the heated block from the boiling water to the calorimeter the block could have lost heat but this would be minimal due to the relatively high Specific heat capacities of the blocks.  When the block was moved into the calorimeter it was dropped into it and this caused some water to splash out which would decrease the mass of water in the calorimeter which could affect the overall temperature change.  The value for the specific heat capacity (shc) of object one which was Iron was compared to the theoretical value for the shc of Iron and gave a 17.6% difference this value is relatively high and could be due to uncertainties in the measurements and errors produced from the procedure. The % difference of object two was very large at 31.3% this could be due to random error but more likely due to the block not being fully submerged as I mentioned earlier.  The value of the percentage difference for Object3 which was Copper was relatively high at 17.2%,  In order to improve upon the experiment a scale that measures up to a higher mass such as 500g. Another method to improve the experiment would be to add more water to the calorimeter in order to insure the block was fully submerged. Another improvement that could be made would be to not drop the blocks into the calorimeter and therefore minimize the risk of losing water after the mass was taken.